Effluent Management

1 Introduction to Effluent Management
9 Topics | 2 Quizzes
1.1 What is Effluent?
1.2 The Sanitation Challenges
1.3 What are the Objectives of Effluent Treatment?
1.4 Why is Adequate Effluent Management Required?
1.5 How do you decide what type of effluent management is suitable?
1.5.1 Ensuring Safe Reuse: Meeting WHO Standards
Quiz
1.5.1.1 Why Effluent Reuse Matters: Ensuring a Water-Secure Future
1.5.2 Alternative to Effluent Reuse: Safe Infiltration
1.5.3 Safe Discharge
Quiz
2 Overview of Post-Treatment Techniques: The Planted Gravel Filter
11 Topics | 4 Quizzes
2.1 What are planted gravel filters?
2.2 How does a subsurface flow planted gravel filter function?
Quiz
2.3 What aquatic plants can be used in a planted gravel filter?
2.4 What is the difference between horizontal and vertical planted gravel filters?
Quiz
2.5 How is the treatment performance of sub-surface planted gravel filters?
Quiz
2.6 What are the O&M Requirements?
2.7 What is the space requirement, and how can it be determined?
2.8 What are the advantages and disadvantages of planted gravel filters?
Quiz
2.9 Costs
2.10 Adequacy in the context of emergency
2.11 Example: Horizontal Planted Gravel Filter as Secondary Treatment Step in Rohingya Refugee Camp, Bangladesh
3 Overview of Post-Treatment Techniques: The Trickling Filter
10 Topics | 1 Quiz
3.1 What is a trickling filter, and how does it work?
3.2 What filter media is used in a trickling filter?
Quiz
3.3 How does a trickling filter work?
3.4 What is the expected treatment performance?
3.5 What are the O&M Requirements?
3.6 How can we estimate the required volume of filter media and space?
3.7 Costs
3.8 Adequacy in the context of emergency
3.9 What are the advantages and disadvantages of a trickling filter system?
3.10 Example: Small-Scale Trickling Filter for Pre-treated Wastewater in Morocco
4 Overview of Post-Treatment Techniques: Sand Filtration
8 Topics | 2 Quizzes
4.1 What is sand filtration, and how does it work?
Quiz
4.2 How and under which conditions does intermittent sand filtration function?
4.3 How is the treatment performance of ISFs?
4.4 What are the O&M Requirements?
4.5 What is the space requirement of ISFs?
Quiz
4.6 Costs
4.7 Adequacy in the context of emergency
4.8 Example: Intermittent Sand Filter as Tertiary Treatment Step in Ben Sergao, Morocco
5 Overview of Post-Treatment Techniques: Disinfection
10 Topics | 3 Quizzes
5.1 What is disinfection?
Quiz
5.2 What are the infectious organisms in wastewater?
Quiz
5.3 What are the different methods to realise disinfection?
5.3.1 Chlorination
Quiz
5.3.2 Ultraviolet Radiation
5.3.3 Tertiary Filtration
5.4 What are the O&M Requirements?
5.5 Costs
5.6 Adequacy in emergency settings
5.7 Example: Refugee Camp
6 Advanced Technologies for the Treatment of Effluent 
4 Topics
6.1 Available Advanced Effluent Treatment Technologies
6.2 Applicability
6.3 SCGc Back-End Technologies
6.4 NEWgen Back-End Technology
7 Safe Handling: Wastewater/Effluent Irrigation
10 Topics | 5 Quizzes
7.1 What is irrigation, and what is its purpose?
7.2 The Water Scarcity Challenge and a Solution
Quiz
7.3 Associated Risk and Mitigation: Health Risks
Quiz
7.4 Associated Risk and Mitigation: Environmental Risks
Quiz
7.5 What quality of wastewater/effluent and soil is acceptable for irrigation?  
Quiz
7.6 Monitoring Requirements
7.7 Irrigation Methods
Quiz
7.8 What amount of effluent or area is required for irrigation?
7.9 Cost
7.10 Adequacy for Emergency Contexts
8 Safe Handling: Effluent Infiltration
12 Topics | 3 Quizzes
8.1 What is infiltration, and what is its purpose?
8.2 What conditions need to be in place for safe infiltration?
8.3 What soil is suitable for infiltration and what factors influence the soil?
Quiz
8.4 How to determine infiltration and perform a percolation test?
8.5 What are common methods for infiltration?
8.5.1 Infiltration Trenches
8.5.2 Infiltration Beds
8.5.3 Infiltration Mounds
8.5.4 Soak Pits
Quiz
8.6 How is the required filtration area determined?
8.6.1 What are the potential advantages and disadvantages of infiltration?
8.7 Adequacy in the Emergency Context
Quiz
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1.1 What is Effluent?

Effluent Management 1 Introduction to Effluent Management 1.1 What is Effluent?

According to the Compendium of Sanitation Technologies by EAWAG, “effluent is the general term for the liquid that leaves a technology, typically after blackwater or faecal sludge has undergone solids separation or some type of treatment”. If effluent is adequately treated and released from a treatment system, it can be called “treated effluent” or “recycled water” if intended for reuse.

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